For CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), type 2-targeting biologics, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL4Rα, and anti-IL5 antibodies, have been explored in clinical trials.<b>Expert opinion</b>: In addition to differences in immunopathogenic mechanisms and responses to medical and surgical interventions, CRS endotypes vary according to geography and ethnicity and their distributions change over time.
One form of CRS with polyps found worldwide is driven by the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 coming from Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and probably mast cells.